Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CN. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of butadiene.[5] The N≡C−C skeleton is linear with a short C≡N distance of 1.16 Å.
Acetonitrile was first prepared in 1847 by the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas.
Acetonitrile is a byproduct from the manufacture of acrylonitrile. Most is combusted to support the intended process but an estimated several thousand tons are retained for the above-mentioned applications.Production trends for acetonitrile thus generally follow those of acrylonitrile. Acetonitrile can also be produced by many other methods, but these are of no commercial importance as of 2002. Illustrative routes are by dehydration of acetamide or by hydrogenation of mixtures of carbon monoxide and ammonia.
| Item |
Specification |
Result |
| Appearance |
Colorless Liquid |
Colorless Liquid |
| Molar Refractive Index |
11.22 |
11.22 |
| Molar volume (cm3/mol) |
54.9 |
54.9 |
| Isotonic specific volume (90.2K) |
120.0 |
120.0 |
| Surface tension (dyne/cm) |
22.7 |
22.7 |
| Polarizability (10-24cm3) |
4.45 |
4.45 |
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